Photos of Nature | Nature Photography What is The Universe: Infoporn: The Best Images of the Deep Universe (So Far)

Sunday, April 5, 2015

Infoporn: The Best Images of the Deep Universe (So Far)

Infoporn: The Best Images of the Deep Universe (So Far):

The European Southern Observatory released an incredible set of images today that give the best-ever view of the deep universe. It’s a stunning new peek at one region of space—the Hubble Deep Field South (HDF-S)—that reveals many previously invisible galaxies, along with new information about how they move and how far away they are.

The new discovery is all thanks to the recently-installed MUSE instrument on the ESO’s Very Large Telescope, based on the very high mountain of Cerro Paranal in the very dry Atacama Desert of northern Chile. (High altitude and dry air make for much better astronomical observations.) Until now, astronomers observing the deep universe—including NASA researchers using the Hubble Space Telescope—had to use separate instruments over the course of days to take images of the sky and measure the physical properties of the stuff in it. MUSE (for Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) is the first instrument capable of doing both.

MUSE is two things: a camera that images celestial light-emitting objects, and a spectrograph that measures the wavelength of that light. Using the instrument, astronomers at ESO don’t just receive an image full of pixels. They also receive information about the intensity of the pixel’s component colors—information that lets them learn about a galaxy’s distance from Earth, its elemental composition, and even its rotation. And thanks to adaptive optics that improve resolution, MUSE can see not just bright nearby galaxies, but very faint ones as well.

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The spectrograph in the MUSE instrument creates thousands of individual images of the sky, sorted by wavelength from violet to red. Many galaxies emit only a specific wavelength, flickering into view when the spectrograph isolates that color.

European Southern Observatory

“It was like fishing in deep water, and each new catch generated a lot of excitement and discussion of the species we were finding,” said MUSE principal investigator Roland Bacon in a press release. “The greatest excitement came when we found very distant galaxies that were not even visible in the deepest Hubble image.”

In the latest data, ESO astronomers used MUSE to measure distances for 189 galaxies, including some that are more than 12.8 billion light-years away. MUSE also found more than twenty very faint objects that Hubble had never been able to see before.

Now that MUSE has shown its stuff, Bacon and his colleagues expect to follow up on this data with observations of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and other ill-known spaces of the universe. ESO has already used the instrument to track the collision of spiral galaxy ESO 137-001 as it crashes spectacularly into the Norma Cluster. Hopefully the images from those observations turn out just as stellar.

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NASA Photos Photography

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the United States government agency responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958 with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29, 1958, disestablishing NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958.

UFO SIGHTINGS PHOTO PHOTOGRAPHY

The Oxford English Dictionary defines a UFO as "An unidentified flying object; a 'flying saucer'." The first published book to use the word was authored by Donald E. Keyhoe. The acronym "UFO" was coined by Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, who headed Project Blue Book, then the USAF's official investigation of UFOs. He wrote, "Obviously the term 'flying saucer' is misleading when applied to objects of every conceivable shape and performance. For this reason the military prefers the more general, if less colorful, name: unidentified flying objects. UFO (pronounced Yoo-foe) for short." Other phrases that were used officially and that predate the UFO acronym include "flying flapjack", "flying disc", "unexplained flying discs", "unidentifiable object", and "flying saucer". The phrase "flying saucer" had gained widespread attention after the summer of 1947. On June 24, a civilian pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported seeing nine objects flying in formation near Mount Rainier. Arnold timed the sighting and estimated the speed of discs to be over 1,200 mph (1,931 km/h). At the time, he described the objects' shape as being somewhat disc-like or saucer-like, leading to newspaper accounts of "flying saucers" and "flying discs". In popular usage the term UFO came to be used to refer to claims of alien spacecraft. and because of the public and media ridicule associated with the topic, some investigators prefer to use such terms as unidentified aerial phenomenon (or UAP) or anomalous phenomena, as in the title of the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP).

UFO PHOTO PHOTOGRAPHY

UFO - Unidentified Flying Object An unidentified flying object, or UFO, in its most general definition, is any apparent anomaly in the sky that is not identifiable as a known object or phenomenon. Culturally, UFOs are associated with claims of visitation by extraterrestrial life or government-related conspiracy theories, and have become popular subjects in fiction. While UFOs are often later identified, sometimes identification may not be possible owing to the usually low quality of evidence related to UFO sightings (generally anecdotal evidence and eyewitness accounts). Stories of fantastical celestial apparitions have been told since antiquity, but the term "UFO" (or "UFOB") was officially created in 1953 by the United States Air Force (USAF) to serve as a catch-all for all such reports. In its initial definition, the USAF stated that a "UFOB" was "any airborne object which by performance, aerodynamic characteristics, or unusual features, does not conform to any presently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object." Accordingly, the term was initially restricted to that fraction of cases which remained unidentified after investigation, as the USAF was interested in potential national security reasons and/or "technical aspects" (see Air Force Regulation 200-2). During the late 1940s and through the 1950s, UFOs were often referred to popularly as "flying saucers" or "flying discs". The term UFO became more widespread during the 1950s, at first in technical literature, but later in popular use. UFOs garnered considerable interest during the Cold War, an era associated with a heightened concern for national security. Various studies have concluded that the phenomenon does not represent a threat to national security nor does it contain anything worthy of scientific pursuit (e.g., 1951 Flying Saucer Working Party, 1953 CIA Robertson Panel, USAF Project Blue Book, Condon Committee).