Trail of Stars Between Elephant’s Trunk and Bubble Nebula

Wednesday, November 2, 2011

Trail of Stars Between Elephant’s Trunk and Bubble Nebula

Trail of Stars Between Elephant’s Trunk and Bubble Nebula:

Click below for full resolution picture of Cepheus Constellation

Elephant’s Trunk, Cradle of Newborn Stars

The Elephant’s Trunk Nebula is a mixture of interstellar gas and dust, in the ionized gas region of IC 1396 star cluster.
Cepheus Constellation is situated in the northern hemisphere and contains various star clusters, glowing nebulae and dark dust clouds. All of them can be followed in detail in this the photo below. In the left we can see IC 1396, a big emission nebula that contains a dark, twisting, spiral shaped region known as the Elephant’s Trunk. In the top middle we can see NGC 7380, a bright nebula with a fix star cluster and in the right part of the picture we can spot the Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635) and star cluster Messier 52 (M52).
The name of Elephant’s Trunk nebula diverts from it’s aspect at visible light wavelengths: a dark spot with a winding bright frame. The bright surface is actually a dense cloud illuminated and ionized by a very big and bright star situated in the west area. Only the dense globules escape from the ionization process that affects the entire IC 1396 region, due to their ability to protect themselves from the massive star’s rough ultraviolet rays .
After discovering in 2003 a series of young stars (less than 100,000 years), the scientists consider the Elephant’s Trunk Nebula as a possible site of star formation. Two of these new stars are located in the head of the globule, in a round cavity emptied by the star’s winds.
The Elephant’s Trunk nebula has a very high compression level. This is due to the presence of the massive star that ionizes and compresses the frame of the cloud, combined with the young stars whose winds shift the gas from the center to the edges. The high pressure level caused the current generation of protostars.
Distance from Earth: ~ 2500 light years

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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the United States government agency responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958 with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29, 1958, disestablishing NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958.

UFO SIGHTINGS PHOTO PHOTOGRAPHY

The Oxford English Dictionary defines a UFO as "An unidentified flying object; a 'flying saucer'." The first published book to use the word was authored by Donald E. Keyhoe. The acronym "UFO" was coined by Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, who headed Project Blue Book, then the USAF's official investigation of UFOs. He wrote, "Obviously the term 'flying saucer' is misleading when applied to objects of every conceivable shape and performance. For this reason the military prefers the more general, if less colorful, name: unidentified flying objects. UFO (pronounced Yoo-foe) for short." Other phrases that were used officially and that predate the UFO acronym include "flying flapjack", "flying disc", "unexplained flying discs", "unidentifiable object", and "flying saucer". The phrase "flying saucer" had gained widespread attention after the summer of 1947. On June 24, a civilian pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported seeing nine objects flying in formation near Mount Rainier. Arnold timed the sighting and estimated the speed of discs to be over 1,200 mph (1,931 km/h). At the time, he described the objects' shape as being somewhat disc-like or saucer-like, leading to newspaper accounts of "flying saucers" and "flying discs". In popular usage the term UFO came to be used to refer to claims of alien spacecraft. and because of the public and media ridicule associated with the topic, some investigators prefer to use such terms as unidentified aerial phenomenon (or UAP) or anomalous phenomena, as in the title of the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP).

UFO PHOTO PHOTOGRAPHY

UFO - Unidentified Flying Object An unidentified flying object, or UFO, in its most general definition, is any apparent anomaly in the sky that is not identifiable as a known object or phenomenon. Culturally, UFOs are associated with claims of visitation by extraterrestrial life or government-related conspiracy theories, and have become popular subjects in fiction. While UFOs are often later identified, sometimes identification may not be possible owing to the usually low quality of evidence related to UFO sightings (generally anecdotal evidence and eyewitness accounts). Stories of fantastical celestial apparitions have been told since antiquity, but the term "UFO" (or "UFOB") was officially created in 1953 by the United States Air Force (USAF) to serve as a catch-all for all such reports. In its initial definition, the USAF stated that a "UFOB" was "any airborne object which by performance, aerodynamic characteristics, or unusual features, does not conform to any presently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object." Accordingly, the term was initially restricted to that fraction of cases which remained unidentified after investigation, as the USAF was interested in potential national security reasons and/or "technical aspects" (see Air Force Regulation 200-2). During the late 1940s and through the 1950s, UFOs were often referred to popularly as "flying saucers" or "flying discs". The term UFO became more widespread during the 1950s, at first in technical literature, but later in popular use. UFOs garnered considerable interest during the Cold War, an era associated with a heightened concern for national security. Various studies have concluded that the phenomenon does not represent a threat to national security nor does it contain anything worthy of scientific pursuit (e.g., 1951 Flying Saucer Working Party, 1953 CIA Robertson Panel, USAF Project Blue Book, Condon Committee).

Photos of Nature | Nature Photography What is The Universe

Photos of Nature | Nature Photography What is The Universe

Wednesday, November 2, 2011