Black Hole Powered Jets Plow Into Galaxy

Monday, November 17, 2014

Black Hole Powered Jets Plow Into Galaxy

Black Hole Powered Jets Plow Into Galaxy:

This composite image
of a galaxy illustrates how the intense gravity of a supermassive
black hole can be tapped to generate immense power. The image
contains X-ray data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory (blue),
optical light obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (gold) and
radio waves from the NSF's Very Large Array (pink).

This multi-wavelength view shows 4C+29.30, a galaxy
located some 850 million light years from Earth. The radio emission
comes from two jets of particles that are speeding at millions of
miles per hour away from a supermassive black hole at the center of
the galaxy. The estimated mass of the black hole is about 100
million times the mass of our Sun. The ends of the jets show larger
areas of radio emission located outside the galaxy.

The X-ray data show a different aspect of this galaxy,
tracing the location of hot gas. The bright X-rays in the center of
the image mark a pool of million-degree gas around the black hole.
Some of this material may eventually be consumed by the black hole,
and the magnetized, whirlpool of gas near the black hole could in
turn, trigger more output to the radio jet.

Most
of the low-energy X-rays from the vicinity of the black hole are
absorbed by dust and gas, probably in the shape of a giant doughnut
around the black hole. This doughnut, or torus blocks all the
optical light produced near the black hole, so astronomers refer to
this type of source as a hidden or buried black hole. The optical
light seen in the image is from the stars in the galaxy.

The bright spots in X-ray and radio emission on the outer
edges of the galaxy, near the ends of the jets, are caused by
extremely high energy electrons following curved paths around
magnetic field lines. They show where a jet generated by the black
hole has plowed into clumps of material in the galaxy (mouse over
the image for the location of these bright spots). Much of the
energy of the jet goes into heating the gas in these clumps, and
some of it goes into dragging cool gas along the direction of the
jet. Both the heating and the dragging can limit the fuel supply
for the supermassive black hole, leading to temporary starvation
and stopping its growth. This feedback process is thought to cause
the observed correlation between the mass of the supermassive black
hole and the combined mass of the stars in the central region or
bulge of a galaxy.

More at http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2013/4c2930/

-Megan Watzke, CXC

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NASA Photos Photography

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the United States government agency responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research. President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958 with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29, 1958, disestablishing NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958.

UFO SIGHTINGS PHOTO PHOTOGRAPHY

The Oxford English Dictionary defines a UFO as "An unidentified flying object; a 'flying saucer'." The first published book to use the word was authored by Donald E. Keyhoe. The acronym "UFO" was coined by Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, who headed Project Blue Book, then the USAF's official investigation of UFOs. He wrote, "Obviously the term 'flying saucer' is misleading when applied to objects of every conceivable shape and performance. For this reason the military prefers the more general, if less colorful, name: unidentified flying objects. UFO (pronounced Yoo-foe) for short." Other phrases that were used officially and that predate the UFO acronym include "flying flapjack", "flying disc", "unexplained flying discs", "unidentifiable object", and "flying saucer". The phrase "flying saucer" had gained widespread attention after the summer of 1947. On June 24, a civilian pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported seeing nine objects flying in formation near Mount Rainier. Arnold timed the sighting and estimated the speed of discs to be over 1,200 mph (1,931 km/h). At the time, he described the objects' shape as being somewhat disc-like or saucer-like, leading to newspaper accounts of "flying saucers" and "flying discs". In popular usage the term UFO came to be used to refer to claims of alien spacecraft. and because of the public and media ridicule associated with the topic, some investigators prefer to use such terms as unidentified aerial phenomenon (or UAP) or anomalous phenomena, as in the title of the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP).

UFO PHOTO PHOTOGRAPHY

UFO - Unidentified Flying Object An unidentified flying object, or UFO, in its most general definition, is any apparent anomaly in the sky that is not identifiable as a known object or phenomenon. Culturally, UFOs are associated with claims of visitation by extraterrestrial life or government-related conspiracy theories, and have become popular subjects in fiction. While UFOs are often later identified, sometimes identification may not be possible owing to the usually low quality of evidence related to UFO sightings (generally anecdotal evidence and eyewitness accounts). Stories of fantastical celestial apparitions have been told since antiquity, but the term "UFO" (or "UFOB") was officially created in 1953 by the United States Air Force (USAF) to serve as a catch-all for all such reports. In its initial definition, the USAF stated that a "UFOB" was "any airborne object which by performance, aerodynamic characteristics, or unusual features, does not conform to any presently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object." Accordingly, the term was initially restricted to that fraction of cases which remained unidentified after investigation, as the USAF was interested in potential national security reasons and/or "technical aspects" (see Air Force Regulation 200-2). During the late 1940s and through the 1950s, UFOs were often referred to popularly as "flying saucers" or "flying discs". The term UFO became more widespread during the 1950s, at first in technical literature, but later in popular use. UFOs garnered considerable interest during the Cold War, an era associated with a heightened concern for national security. Various studies have concluded that the phenomenon does not represent a threat to national security nor does it contain anything worthy of scientific pursuit (e.g., 1951 Flying Saucer Working Party, 1953 CIA Robertson Panel, USAF Project Blue Book, Condon Committee).

Photos of Nature | Nature Photography What is The Universe

Photos of Nature | Nature Photography What is The Universe

Monday, November 17, 2014