Sunday, December 18, 2011

A Blood-Red Moon

A Blood-Red Moon:



December 10 lunar eclipse by Joseph Brimacombe



Photographer Joseph Brimacombe created this stunning image of a ruddy Moon made during the total lunar eclipse of December 10, 2011. Images taken during the penumbral and total phases of the eclipse were combined to create a full-face image of the Moon in color. Beautiful!


(...)
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© Jason Major for Universe Today, 2011. |
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A Day in the Sun: Will It Make a Difference for Russia’s Phobos-Grunt?

A Day in the Sun: Will It Make a Difference for Russia’s Phobos-Grunt?:



An artists concept of the Phobos-Grunt Mission. Credit: Roscosmos



Editor’s note: Dr. David Warmflash, principal science lead for the US team from the LIFE experiment on board the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft, provides an update on the mission for Universe Today.


It has been trapped in low Earth orbit for more than a month. So low is the orbit that it moves too fast to be contacted – unless controllers on the ground just happen to beam a signal at some unlikely angle. So short does its battery power last that it must be in sunlight while also in position to receive signals. Then, it must still have power to send telemetry back to the ground.


Even with these obstacles, Russia’s Phobos- Grunt probe did manage to communicate with the European Space Agency’s (ESA) antenna in Perth, Australia twice a couple of weeks ago, indicating that some of its systems were functioning. But subsequent attempts at communication have failed, despite the addition of ESA’s Canary Islands antenna at Maspalomas to the worldwide effort to reestablish control over the spacecraft.

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© David Warmflash for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Dawn swoops to lowest orbit around Vesta – Unveiling Spectacular Alien World

Dawn swoops to lowest orbit around Vesta – Unveiling Spectacular Alien World:



Dawn Orbiting Vesta

This artist's concept shows NASA's Dawn spacecraft orbiting the giant asteroid Vesta. The depiction of Vesta is based on images obtained by Dawn's framing cameras. Dawn is an international collaboration of the US, Germany and Italy. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech



NASA’s Dawn Asteroid Orbiter successfully spiraled down today to the closest orbit the probe will ever achieve around the giant asteroid Vesta, and has now begun critical science observations that will ultimately yield the mission’s highest resolution measurements of this spectacular body.


“What can be more exciting than to explore an alien world that until recently was virtually unknown!” Dr. Marc Rayman gushed in an exclusive interview with Universe Today. Rayman is Dawn’s Chief Engineer from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif., and a protégé of Star Trek’s Mr. Scott.


Before Dawn, Vesta was little more than a fuzzy blob in the world’s most powerful telescopes. Vesta is the second most massive object in the main Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter.(...)
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© Ken Kremer for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Third Rock – NASA’s Cool New Internet Radio Station

Third Rock – NASA’s Cool New Internet Radio Station:




Credit: Third Rock Radio/NASA




If you love space and love internet radio, as I do, then this is for you. NASA’s new internet music radio station, Third Rock, was just launched yesterday. With a New Rock/Indie/Alternative music format aimed toward younger, techie listeners, it will feature custom-produced content; a collaboration between NASA and RFC Media in Houston, Texas, it will be operated through a Space Act Agreement, at no cost to the government. As NASA explores space, Third Rock also explores new music, bringing the two together in a fun and unique way.


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© Paul Scott Anderson for Universe Today, 2011. |
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The Thirty-Ninth Anniversary of the Last Moonwalk

The Thirty-Ninth Anniversary of the Last Moonwalk:



Scientist-astronaut Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt stands next to a huge, split lunar boulder during the third Apollo 17 extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Taurus-Littrow landing site. The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV), which transported Schmitt and Eugene A. Cernan to this extravehicular station from their Lunar Module (LM), is seen in the background. This image is a mosaic made from two pictures taken by Cernan. Image Credit: NASA/Eugene Cernan



On December 13, 1972, Apollo 17 Commander Eugene A. Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) Harrison H. “Jack” Schmitt made the final lunar EVA or moonwalk of the final Apollo mission. Theirs was the longest stay on the Moon at just over three days and included over twenty-two hours spent exploring the lunar surface during which they collected over 250 pounds of lunar samples.


To commemorate the thirty-ninth anniversary of this last EVA, NASA posted a picture of Schmitt on the lunar surface as its ’Image of the Day.’ (...)
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Looking at Early Black Holes with a ‘Time Machine’

Looking at Early Black Holes with a ‘Time Machine’:



The large scale cosmological mass distribution in the simulation volume of the MassiveBlack. The projected gas density over the whole volume ('unwrapped' into 2D) is shown in the large scale (background) image. The two images on top show two zoom-in of increasing factor of 10, of the regions where the most massive black hole - the first quasars - is formed. The black hole is at the center of the image and is being fed by cold gas streams. Image Courtesy of Yu Feng.



What fed early black holes enabling their very rapid growth? A new discovery made by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University using a combination of supercomputer simulations and GigaPan Time Machine technology shows that a diet of cosmic “fast food” (thin streams of cold gas) flowed uncontrollably into the center of the first black holes, causing them to be “supersized” and grow faster than anything else in the Universe.

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© Ray Sanders for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Russian Space Program Prepares for Phobos-Grunt Re-Entry

Russian Space Program Prepares for Phobos-Grunt Re-Entry:



Configuration of the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft. Credit: NPO Lavochkin



Editor’s note: Dr. David Warmflash, principal science lead for the US team from the LIFE experiment on board the Phobos-Grunt spacecraft, provides an update on the mission for Universe Today.


As last-ditch efforts to recover control of the unpiloted Phobos-Grunt spacecraft continue, officials, engineers, and scientists at the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) have shifted their focus to the issue of reentry. Launched November 9 by a Zenit-2 rocket on a mission to return a sample from Phobos, the larger of Mars’ two small moons, the spacecraft reached low Earth orbit. However, since the engine of the upper stage that was to propel it on a trajectory to Mars failed to ignite, the spacecraft continues to orbit Earth in a low orbit. Despite some limited success in communicating with Phobos-Grunt by way of tracking stations that the European Space Agency (ESA) operates in Perth, Australia, and Masplalomas, Canary Islands, the spacecraft remains stranded in an orbit whose decay will take the craft into the atmosphere sometime in early January.

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© David Warmflash for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Astrophoto: Lunar Eclipse Surprise by Michael Khan

Astrophoto: Lunar Eclipse Surprise by Michael Khan:


Astrophoto: Lunar Eclipse Surprise by Michael Khan

An airplane transiting the Moon. Image Credit: Michael Khan




Michael Khan missed the best part of the lunar eclipse last December 10, 2011. But it turned out to be a blessing in disguise when he captured this amazing photo above.


“Seen from where I live (the Western part of Germany), the Moon rose at 16:30 CET on Saturday, December 10. By that time the best part of the total lunar eclipse was already over. At moonrise, the Moon was already well into the Earth penumbra – with only the upper part appearing darkened.


Nevertheless, I had set up my scope (with a camera attached) on a solid camera tripod. As the Moon was still close to the hirizon when I started shooting, much of the detail was obscured by haze and atmospheric perturbation. Still, I was busily clicking away. Actually, I was much too busy re-pointing and re-focusing to notice that I had unwittingly hit pay dirt with one of the pictures.


I didn’t notice that until much later, when I clicked through the results of that session on my camera’s built-in screen and saw that an airliner en route to nearby Frankfurt airport had chosen the very moment when I released the shutter to fly across the visible Moon disc.”


Michael used an ED apochromatic refractor at 70 mm aperture and 420 mm focal length with an unmodified Canon Eos 1000D camera attached to a T2 adapter.


Want to get your astrophoto featured on Universe Today? Join our Flickr group, post in our Forum or send us your images by email (this means you’re giving us permission to post them). Please explain what’s in the picture, when you took it, the equipment you used, etc.




© dcast for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Wonderful Ice Halos

Wonderful Ice Halos:



A bright moon halo surrounds the Moon on Dec. 11, 2011. © Jason Major




Have you ever seen a large ghostly disc around the Moon on a cool, calm, hazy night? If so, you have likely seen what is called an “Ice Halo” or “22° Halo.” Not only can the Moon display these ghostly rings of light, but the Sun does so in the day time too.


22° halos are visible all over the world and throughout the year; look for them whenever the sky is wispy or hazy with thin cirrus clouds – even in the hottest countries.


So what are they and why do they appear?(...)
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© Adrian West for Universe Today, 2011. |
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NASA Planning for Possible Landings on Europa

NASA Planning for Possible Landings on Europa:



Credit: NASA/Ted Stryk



All these worlds are yours except Europa

Attempt no landing there

Use them together use them in peace 


Despite that famous cryptic warning in the film 2010: The Year We Make Contact, NASA is planning for a possible attempted landing on Jupiter’s moon Europa. This is a mission that many people have been hoping for, since Europa is believed to have a liquid water ocean beneath the icy surface (as well as lakes within the surface crust itself), making it a prime location in the search for life elsewhere in the solar system. Two landers are being proposed which would launch in 2020 and land about six years later.


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© Paul Scott Anderson for Universe Today, 2011. |
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First Look at a Black Hole’s Feast

First Look at a Black Hole’s Feast:



A true heart of darkness lies at the center of our galaxy: Sagittarius A* (pronounced “A-star”) is a supermassive black hole with the mass of four million suns packed into an area only as wide as the distance between Earth and the Sun. Itself invisible to direct observation, Sgr A* makes its presence known through its effect on nearby stars, sending them hurtling through space in complex orbits at speeds upwards of 600 miles a second. And it emits a dull but steady glow in x-ray radiation, the last cries of its most recent meals. Gas, dust, stars… solar systems… anything in Sgr A*’s vicinity will be drawn inexorably towards it, getting stretched, shredded and ultimately absorbed (for lack of a better term) by the dark behemoth, just adding to its mass and further strengthening its gravitational pull.


Now, for the first time, a team of researchers led by Reinhard Genzel from the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany will have a chance to watch a supermassive black hole’s repast take place.


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© Jason Major for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Hubble’s Snow Angel

Hubble’s Snow Angel:



This star-forming region, called Sharpless 2-106, looks like a snow angel. Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)



If you need a little help getting into the holiday spirit, the Hubble Space Telescope is here to assist. This gorgeous new image shows a bipolar star-forming region, called Sharpless 2-106, (S106 for short) which looks like a soaring, celestial snow angel. The outstretched “wings” of the nebula are actually the contrasting imprint of heat and motion against the backdrop of a colder medium. Twin lobes of super-hot gas, glowing blue in this image, stretch outward from the central star, forming the wings.

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© nancy for Universe Today, 2011. |
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A Psychedelic Guide to Tycho’s Supernova Remnant

A Psychedelic Guide to Tycho’s Supernova Remnant:



Gamma-rays detected by Fermi's LAT show that the remnant of Tycho's supernova shines in the highest-energy form of light. This portrait of the shattered star includes gamma rays (magenta), X-rays (yellow, green, and blue), infrared (red) and optical data. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/DSS



By no means are we suggesting that NASA’s Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope can induce altered states of awareness, but this ‘far-out’ image is akin to 1960′s era psychedelic art. However, the data depicted here provides a new and enlightened way of looking at an object that’s been observed for over 400 years. After years of study, data collected by Fermi has revealed Tycho’s Supernova Remnant shines brightly in high-energy gamma rays.


The discovery provides researchers with additional information on the origin of cosmic rays (subatomic particles that are on speed). The exact process that gives cosmic rays their energy isn’t well understood since charged particles are easily deflected by interstellar magnetic fields. The deflection by interstellar magnetic fields makes it impossible for researchers to track cosmic rays to their original sources.


“Fortunately, high-energy gamma rays are produced when cosmic rays strike interstellar gas and starlight. These gamma rays come to Fermi straight from their sources,” said Francesco Giordano at the University of Bari in Italy.


But here’s some not-so-psychedelic facts about supernova remnants in general and Tycho’s in particular:

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© Ray Sanders for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Watch as Comet Lovejoy Takes a Death-Dive Into the Sun

Watch as Comet Lovejoy Takes a Death-Dive Into the Sun:


A comet discovered on Dec. 2, 2011 is now on a near collision course with the Sun, and likely won’t survive such a close encounter. The best part is that you can follow along and watch as it happens! Comet C/2011 W3 Lovejoy will pass behind the sun at around 24:00 UTC (7 pm EST) on Thursday, Dec. 15, 2011 and probably won’t be seen again. In the video above, processed images from the STEREO A spacecraft shows Comet Lovejoy blazing towards the Sun, with the comet’s tail wiggling as it interacts with the solar wind.


The Solar Dynamics Observatory website has a special page where they will be uploading the latest images of the comet as it meets its fiery fate. As Comet Lovejoy moves toward perihelion, the SDO team will point SDO a little to the left of the Sun to try and see the tail of the comet with their instruments. This website will allow you to see those images as quickly as they can download them from the spacecraft.


Science live and in action!

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© nancy for Universe Today, 2011. |
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New Study Says Large Regions of Mars Could Sustain Life

New Study Says Large Regions of Mars Could Sustain Life:



Credit: NASA/JPL



The question of whether present-day Mars could be habitable, and to what extent, has been the focus of long-running and intense debates. The surface, comparable to the dry valleys of Antarctica and the Atacama desert on Earth, is harsh, with well-below freezing temperatures most of the time (at an average of minus 63 degrees Celsius or minus 81 Fahrenheit), extreme dryness and a very thin atmosphere offering little protection from the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. Most scientists would agree that the best place that any organisms could hope to survive and flourish would be underground. Now, a new study says that scenario is not only correct, but that large regions of Mars’ subsurface could be even more sustainable for life than previously thought.


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© Paul Scott Anderson for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Titan’s Colorful Crescent

Titan’s Colorful Crescent:



Titan's thick atmosphere shines in backlight sunlight



Made from one of the most recent Cassini images, this is a color-composite showing a backlit Titan with its dense, multi-layered atmosphere scattering sunlight in different colors. Titan’s atmosphere is made up of methane and complex hydrocarbons and is ten times as thick as Earth’s. It is the only moon in our solar system known to have a substantial atmosphere.


Titan’s high-level hydrocarbon haze is nicely visible as a pale blue band encircling the moon.


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© Jason Major for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Feisty Comet Lovejoy Survives Close Encounter with the Sun

Feisty Comet Lovejoy Survives Close Encounter with the Sun:


It’s the morning after for the sungrazing Comet Lovejoy, and this feisty comet has scientists shaking their heads in disbelief. “I don’t know where to begin,” wrote Karl Battams, from the Naval Research Laboratory, who curates the Sun-grazing comets webpage. “What an extraordinary 24hrs! I suppose the first thing to say is this: I was wrong. Wrong, wrong, wrong. And I have never been so happy to be wrong!”


Many experts were predicting Comet Lovejoy would not survive perihelion, where it came within about 120,000 km from the Sun. But some extraordinary videos by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory showed the comet entering and then surprisingly exiting the Sun’s atmosphere. Battams said he envisioned that if the comet survived at all, what would be left would be just a very diffuse component that would endure maybe a few hours after its close encounter with the Sun. But somehow it survived, even after enduring the several million-degree solar corona for nearly an hour. However, Comet Lovejoy appears to have lost its tail, as you can see in the image below.

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© nancy for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Aliens Hanging Out in the Kuiper Belt? We Could See the Light from their Cities

Aliens Hanging Out in the Kuiper Belt? We Could See the Light from their Cities:



Astronaut photograph ISS025-E-9858 was acquired on October 28, 2010, with a Nikon D3S digital camera using a 16 mm lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations experiment and Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by the Expedition 25 crew.



When it comes to searching for ET, current efforts have been almost exclusively placed in picking up a radio signal – just a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Consider for a moment just how much lighting we here on Earth produce and how our “night side” might appear as viewed from a telescope on another planet. If we can assume that alternate civilizations would evolve enjoying their natural lighting, wouldn’t it be plausible to also assume they might develop artificial lighting sources as well?


Is it possible for us to peer into space and spot artificially illuminated objects “out there?” According to a new study done by Abraham Loeb (Harvard), Edwin L. Turner (Princeton), the answer is yes.


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© tammy for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Best Look Yet of Comet Lovejoy’s Slingshot Around the Sun

Best Look Yet of Comet Lovejoy’s Slingshot Around the Sun:


There have been some great images and video of Comet Lovejoy’s close encounter with the Sun, but this video put together by Scott Wiessinger from Goddard Spaceflight Center combines and zooms in on the best views from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which adjusted its cameras in order to watch the trajectory.


The first part of the video from SDO, (taken in 171 Angstrom wavelength, which is typically shown in yellow) was filmed on Dec 15, 2011 showing Comet Lovejoy moving in toward the Sun, with its tail “wiggling” from its interaction with the solar wind. The second part of the clip shows the comet exiting from behind the right side of the Sun, after an hour of travel through its closest approach.


No time travel with this slingshot around the Sun, but it is amazing to be able to follow this comet’s journey so closely!




© nancy for Universe Today, 2011. |
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Astrophotos: Geminid Meteor Shower

Astrophotos: Geminid Meteor Shower:


Geminid Meteor Shower by Kevin Key

Geminid Meteor Shower as seen from California. Image Credit: Kevin Key




The Geminid meteor shower is one of the highly anticipated astronomical events this December. Peaking around December 13 and 14 every year, the meteor shower appears to come from the constellation Gemini where its name originated.


We’ve collected several images of the December 2011 Geminid meteor shower taken from all over the world. We hope you enjoy them!


The image above was taken by Kevin Key from his backyard in Santee, California on December 14, 2011. He used a Canon EOS Digital Rebel XTi camera with Sigma 15mm lens. Other specs are:

Exposure: 12 seconds

Aperture: f/2.8

ISO: 1600

Cropped in post-production.


More images below!(...)
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How Can Growing Galaxies Stay Silent?

How Can Growing Galaxies Stay Silent?:


The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) with minor satellite galaxy M32

The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) with minor satellite galaxy M32



Beginning around 2005, astronomers began discovering the presence of very large galaxies at a distance of around 10 billion lightyears. But while these galaxies were large, they didn’t appear to have a similarly large number of formed stars. Given that astronomers expect galaxies to grow through mergers and mergers tend to trigger star formation, the presence of such large, undeveloped galaxies seemed odd. How could galaxies grow so much, yet have so few stars?


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Cascade Falls

Cascade Falls:

Cascade Falls

After a two mile hike through some of the most beautiful autumn scenery I have ever seen, we arrived at the lower cascade falls. These waterfalls are a magnificent site and as you can see offer a wonderful swimming hole at the below.
    Picture Height: 3744 pixels | Picture Width: 5616 pixels | Lens Aperture: f/22.6 | Image Exposure Time: 3/10 sec | Lens Focal Length mm: 24 mm | Photo Exposure Value: -0.5 EV | Camera Model: Canon EOS 5D Mark II | Photo White Balance: 0 | Color Space: sRGB | ForestWander Nature Photography: ForestWander Nature Photography | ForestWander: ForestWander.com |


Alluring Cascades Pirouette

Alluring Cascades Pirouette:

Alluring Cascades Pirouette

Everything was made to give praise and glory to the Lord. This alluring waterfall cascade is no exception. This is one of my favorites that I recently reprocessed through a couple separate exposures and an HDR filter. What is a Pirouette? It is a French word used to describe a twirling ballet dance. Just as this waterfall whirlpool dances before the Lord to His glory and praise.
    Picture Height: 3632 pixels | Picture Width: 4951 pixels | Lens Aperture: f/19.9 | Image Exposure Time: 30 sec | Lens Focal Length mm: 28 mm | Photo Exposure Value: 0 EV | Camera Model: Canon EOS 5D Mark II | Photo White Balance: 0 | Color Space: sRGB |


West Virginia Grist Mill Autumn

West Virginia Grist Mill Autumn:

In the old days there were many grist mills throughout West Virginia. The grist mill at Babcock state park, West Virginia is a type of tribute to all of the grist mills, which used to thrive in the old days. Unlike many grist mill landmarks, this one actually grinds and it is possible for park visitors to actually purchase cornmeal as well as buckwheat. Picture Height: 3744 pixels | Picture Width: 5616 pixels | Lens Aperture: f/16 | Image Exposure Time: 30 sec | Lens Focal Length mm: 65 mm | Photo Exposure Value: 0.33 EV | Camera Model: Canon EOS 5D Mark II | Photo White Balance: 0 | Color Space: sRGB | ForestWander Nature Photography: ForestWander.com | ForestWander: ForestWander Nature Photography |



In the old days there were many grist mills throughout West Virginia. The grist mill at Babcock state park, West Virginia is a type of tribute to all of the grist mills, which used to thrive in the old days. Unlike many grist mill landmarks, this one actually grinds and it is possible for park visitors to actually purchase cornmeal as well as buckwheat.
    Picture Height: 3744 pixels | Picture Width: 5616 pixels | Lens Aperture: f/16 | Image Exposure Time: 30 sec | Lens Focal Length mm: 65 mm | Photo Exposure Value: 0.33 EV | Camera Model: Canon EOS 5D Mark II | Photo White Balance: 0 | Color Space: sRGB | ForestWander Nature Photography: ForestWander.com | ForestWander: ForestWander Nature Photography |